Hyperuricemia, chronic kidney disease and kidney transplant (part I)
Abstract
Post-transplant hyperuricemia has been defined with equal values to the ones of general population, its prevalence can reach 80% in those who have received a kidney transplant, and 5 to 25% can develop gout crisis. Advanced age at implant, history of hyperuricemia or gout, obesity, treatment with calcineurin inhibitors, use of diuretics and low glomerular filtration rate are some of the factors involved in its development. Hyperuricemia has been linked to decreased nitric oxide mediated vasodilation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle through proinflammatory and profibrotic effects (mediated by T cells, macrophages, PDGF, TGF β among others). These effects have been associated, in turn, with hypertension, cardiovascular disease and renal damage progression (related tubulointerstitial fibrosis, arteriosclerosis of afferent tubular atrophy) factors that lead to a reduction in graft and patient survival. Indication for asymptomatic hyperuricemia treatment in this population is still under debate, both in terms of the indication in itself and the type of drug used, unlike what happens in stones, arthritis,
or tophi where they must face treatment must be addressed, prioritizing the interaction with the drugs used in transplantation. It must be considered that most of the available information comes from the analysis of general population, therefore studies on this population group are particularly required.
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