Notes for the history of dialysis in the world and in Argentina. Part one: the beginnings of Hemodialysis in the world
Keywords:
history of hemodialysis; history of nephrology; hemodialysis; renal dialysis; artificial kidney
Abstract
Hemodialysis (HD), as a treatment for renal failure (RF), and nephrology, as a specialty, arose almost simultaneously. The first successful HD in humans occurred in the Netherlands, in 1945, with a kidney designed by Wilhem Kolff. The first scientific society was founded in France in 1949 (Société de Pathologie Rénale), and the second in 1950, in the United Kingdom (Renal Association). Several attempts preceded the first successful HD. In the experimental setting, John J. Abel, Leonard G. Rowntree and Benjamin B. Turner (1913, United States), George Haas (1914, Germany) and Henry Necheles (1923, China) dialyzed nephrectomized dogs. The first HD in humans were performed by Haas, between 1924 and 1927: he hemodialyzed six patients, from 15 to 30 minutes, since his objective was to test the safety of the method. Although Kolff performed the first successful HD, other authors, such as Nils Alwall (Sweden) and Gordon Murray (Canada), during the 1940s, published successful experiences with other kidney models. By the mid-1940s, HD had been invented, simultaneously and independently, in the Netherlands, Sweden and Canada, although still with doubts about its application and effectiveness.
Initially used only for acute patients, HD became a possible treatment for chronic kidney disease (CKD) thanks to the development of the semi-permanent shunt by Belding Scribner and Wayne Quinton in 1960 and the permanent arteriovenous fistula by Michael J. Brescia and James E. Cimino in 1966. This enabled the life support of millions of people with CKD in the world and the development of kidney transplantation as one more therapeutic alternative.
References
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8) Haas G. Über Blutauswaschen. Klin Wochenschr. 1928;7:1356-62.
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11) Kolff WJ. First Clinical experience with the artificial kidney. Ann Intern Med. 1965;62:608-19. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-62-3-608.
12) McLean J. The discovery of heparin. Circulation. 1959;19(1):75-8.
13) Howell WH, Holt E. Two new factors in blood coagulation—heparin and pro-antithrombin. Am J Physiol. 1918;47(3):328-41. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1918.47.3.328.
14) Murray G, Delorme E, Thomas N. Development of an artificial kidney; experimental and clinical experiences. Arch Surg. 1947;55(5):505-22. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1947.01230080514001.
15) Murray G, Jaques LB, Perrett TS, Best CH. Heparin and the thrombosis of veins following injury. Surgery. 1937;3(2):163-87. doi: 10.5555/uri:pii:S0039606037902988.
16) Murray DW, Jaques LB, Perrett TS, Best CH. Heparin and Vascular Occlusion. Can Med Assoc J. 1936;35(6):621-2.
17) Murray G, Best CH. The use of heparin in thrombosis. Ann Surg. 1938;108(2):163-77. doi:10.1097/00000658-193808000-00002.
18) Kolff WJ, Scribner BH. The development of renal hemodialysis. Nat Med. 2002; 8(10):1063-65.
19) Alwall N, Lunderquist A. On the artificial kidney XVII. A modified dialyser. Acta Med Scand. 1952;143(2):150-7. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1952.tb14259.x.
20) Alwall N. Historical perspective on the development of the artificial kidney. Artif Organs. 1986;10(2):86-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1986.tb02526.x.
21) Andrus FC. Use of Visking sausage casing for ultrafiltration. Exp Biol Med. 1929;27(2):127-8. doi: 10.3181/00379727-27-4639.
22) Cameron JS. Practical haemodialysis began with cellophane and heparin: the crucial role of William Thalhimer (1884-1961). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15(7):1086-91.doi: 10.1093/ndt/15.7.1086.
23) Thalhimer W. A method of concentrating serum in cellophane bags and simultaneously removing salts and other constituents. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1939;41:230-2.
24) Thalhimer W. Experimental exchange transfusion for reducing azotemia: use of artificial kidney for this purpose. Exp Biol Med. 1937;37(4):641-3. doi:10.3181/00379727-37-9673P.
25) Thalhimer W, Solandt DY, Best CH. Experimental exchange transfusion using purified heparin. Lancet. 1938;232(6001):554-7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)82744-0.
26) Kolff WJ. First clinical experience with the artificial kidney. Ann Intern Med. 1965;62:608-19. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-62-3-608.
27) MacNeill AE, Doyle JE, Anthone R, Anthone S. Technic with parallel flow, straight tube blood dialyzer. N Y State J Med. 1959;59:4137-49.
28) Kill F. Development of a parallel-flow artificial kidney in plastics. Acta Chir Scand Suppl. 1960;Suppl. 253:142-50.
29) Skeggs LT Jr, Leonards JR. Studies on an artificial kidney: I. Preliminary results with a new type of continuous dialyzer. Science. 1948;108(2800):212-3. doi: 10.1126/science.108.2800.212.
30) Inouye WY, Engelberg J. A simplified artificial dialyzer and ultrafilter. Surg Forum. 1953;4:438-42.
31) Quinton W, Dillard D, Scribner BH. Cannulation of blood vessels for prolonged hemodialysis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1960;6:104-13.
32) Blagg CR. The first dialysis for chronic renal failure 50 years ago. Preface. Hemodial Int. 2010;14(1):1-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1542-4758.2009.00429.x.
33) Brescia MJ, Cimino JE, Appel K, Hurwich BJ. Chronic hemodialysis using venipuncture and a surgically created arteriovenous fistula. N Engl J Med. 1966;275(20):1089-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196611172752002.
34) Stewart RD, Cerny JC, Mahon HI. The capillary "kidney": preliminary report. Med Bull (Ann Arbor). 1964;30:116-8.
35) Stewart RD, Lipps BJ, Baretta ED, Piering WR, Roth DA, Sargent JA. Short-term hemodialysis with the capillary kidney. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1968;14:121-5.
36) Hald PM. The flame photometer for the measurement of sodium and potassium in biological materials. J Biol Chem. 1947;167(2):499-510.
37) Domingo WR, Klyne W. A photoelectric flame photometer. Biochem J. 1949;45(4):400-8.
38) Friedman EA. Willem Johan “Pim” Kolff: bionics for humans in any season. Dial Transplant. 2009;38(5):180-2.
39) Cameron JS. Nephrologist extraordinary--Michael Darmady (1906-1989). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(3):715-21. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfl778.
40) Darmady EM. Dialysis of blood for the treatment of uraemia. Proc R Soc Med. 1948;41(7):418-9.
41) Bywaters EG, Joekes AM. The artificial kidney; its clinical application in the treatment of traumatic anuria. Proc R Soc Med. 1948;41(7):420-6.
42) Parsons FM. Origins of haemodialysis in the United Kingdom. BMJ. 1989;299(6715):1557-60. doi: 10.1136/bmj.299.6715.1557.
43) Derot M, Legrain M. Pronostic et traitement des nephropathies tubulaires anuriques, a propos de 226 cas. Bull Acad Natl Med. 1954;138(1-2):37-40.
44) Rotellar E. El riñón artificial de Kolff; modificaciones al mismo. Bol Cult Inf Cons Gen Col Med Esp. 1958;21(120):23-31.
45) Romao JE Jr. Tito Ribeiro de Almeida (1913-1998). J Bras Nefrol. 1998; 20(2):131-2.
46) Arrizurrieta E. Homenaje al Dr. Ruiz Guiñazú. Rev Nefrol Dial Traspl. 1992;32:1-2.
47) Whittembury G, Ramírez M, Fernández J, Monge C. On the artificial kidney. I. Testing of the disposable Kolff coil kidney. Acta Physiol Lat Am. 1958;8(1):1-10.
48) Teschan PE. Acute renal failure during the Korean War. Ren Fail. 1992;14(3):237-9. doi: 10.3109/08860229209106623.
49) Bonventre JV. Kidney organoids: a new tool for kidney therapeutic development. Kidney Int. 2018;94(6):1040-2. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.07.029.
50) Little MH, Combes AN. Kidney organoids: accurate models or fortunate accidents. Genes Dev. 2019;33(19-20):1319-45. doi: 10.1101/gad.329573.119.
2) Cameron JS. A history of the treatment of renal failure by dialysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 353 p.
3) Graham T. Liquid diffusion applied to analysis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond. 1861;151:183-224. doi:10.1098/rstl.1861.0011.
4) Duranton F, Jankowski J, Więcek A, Argilés À. On the discovery of UREA. Identification, synthesis and observations that let to establishing the first uraemic retention solute. G Ital Nefrol. 2016;33(Suppl. 66):33.S66.16.
5) Abel JJ, Rowntree LG, Turner BB. On the removal of diffusable substances from the circulating blood by means of dialysis. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 1913. Transfus Sci. 1990;11(2):164-5.
6) Cameron SJ. The prehistory of haemodialysis as a treatment for uraemia. G Ital Nefrol. 2016;33(Suppl. S66):33.S66.2.
7) Necheles H. A method of vivi-dialysis. Chin J Physiol. 1927;1:69-80.
8) Haas G. Über Blutauswaschen. Klin Wochenschr. 1928;7:1356-62.
9) Paskalev DN. Georg Hass (1886-1871): the forgotten hemodialysis pioneer. Dial Transplant. 2001;30(12):828-32.
10) Kolff WJ, Berk HT, ter Welle M, van der LEY AJ, van Dijk EC, van Noordwijk J. The artificial kidney: a dialyser with a great area. 1944. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997;8(12):1959-65.
11) Kolff WJ. First Clinical experience with the artificial kidney. Ann Intern Med. 1965;62:608-19. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-62-3-608.
12) McLean J. The discovery of heparin. Circulation. 1959;19(1):75-8.
13) Howell WH, Holt E. Two new factors in blood coagulation—heparin and pro-antithrombin. Am J Physiol. 1918;47(3):328-41. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1918.47.3.328.
14) Murray G, Delorme E, Thomas N. Development of an artificial kidney; experimental and clinical experiences. Arch Surg. 1947;55(5):505-22. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1947.01230080514001.
15) Murray G, Jaques LB, Perrett TS, Best CH. Heparin and the thrombosis of veins following injury. Surgery. 1937;3(2):163-87. doi: 10.5555/uri:pii:S0039606037902988.
16) Murray DW, Jaques LB, Perrett TS, Best CH. Heparin and Vascular Occlusion. Can Med Assoc J. 1936;35(6):621-2.
17) Murray G, Best CH. The use of heparin in thrombosis. Ann Surg. 1938;108(2):163-77. doi:10.1097/00000658-193808000-00002.
18) Kolff WJ, Scribner BH. The development of renal hemodialysis. Nat Med. 2002; 8(10):1063-65.
19) Alwall N, Lunderquist A. On the artificial kidney XVII. A modified dialyser. Acta Med Scand. 1952;143(2):150-7. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1952.tb14259.x.
20) Alwall N. Historical perspective on the development of the artificial kidney. Artif Organs. 1986;10(2):86-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1986.tb02526.x.
21) Andrus FC. Use of Visking sausage casing for ultrafiltration. Exp Biol Med. 1929;27(2):127-8. doi: 10.3181/00379727-27-4639.
22) Cameron JS. Practical haemodialysis began with cellophane and heparin: the crucial role of William Thalhimer (1884-1961). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15(7):1086-91.doi: 10.1093/ndt/15.7.1086.
23) Thalhimer W. A method of concentrating serum in cellophane bags and simultaneously removing salts and other constituents. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1939;41:230-2.
24) Thalhimer W. Experimental exchange transfusion for reducing azotemia: use of artificial kidney for this purpose. Exp Biol Med. 1937;37(4):641-3. doi:10.3181/00379727-37-9673P.
25) Thalhimer W, Solandt DY, Best CH. Experimental exchange transfusion using purified heparin. Lancet. 1938;232(6001):554-7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)82744-0.
26) Kolff WJ. First clinical experience with the artificial kidney. Ann Intern Med. 1965;62:608-19. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-62-3-608.
27) MacNeill AE, Doyle JE, Anthone R, Anthone S. Technic with parallel flow, straight tube blood dialyzer. N Y State J Med. 1959;59:4137-49.
28) Kill F. Development of a parallel-flow artificial kidney in plastics. Acta Chir Scand Suppl. 1960;Suppl. 253:142-50.
29) Skeggs LT Jr, Leonards JR. Studies on an artificial kidney: I. Preliminary results with a new type of continuous dialyzer. Science. 1948;108(2800):212-3. doi: 10.1126/science.108.2800.212.
30) Inouye WY, Engelberg J. A simplified artificial dialyzer and ultrafilter. Surg Forum. 1953;4:438-42.
31) Quinton W, Dillard D, Scribner BH. Cannulation of blood vessels for prolonged hemodialysis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1960;6:104-13.
32) Blagg CR. The first dialysis for chronic renal failure 50 years ago. Preface. Hemodial Int. 2010;14(1):1-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1542-4758.2009.00429.x.
33) Brescia MJ, Cimino JE, Appel K, Hurwich BJ. Chronic hemodialysis using venipuncture and a surgically created arteriovenous fistula. N Engl J Med. 1966;275(20):1089-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196611172752002.
34) Stewart RD, Cerny JC, Mahon HI. The capillary "kidney": preliminary report. Med Bull (Ann Arbor). 1964;30:116-8.
35) Stewart RD, Lipps BJ, Baretta ED, Piering WR, Roth DA, Sargent JA. Short-term hemodialysis with the capillary kidney. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1968;14:121-5.
36) Hald PM. The flame photometer for the measurement of sodium and potassium in biological materials. J Biol Chem. 1947;167(2):499-510.
37) Domingo WR, Klyne W. A photoelectric flame photometer. Biochem J. 1949;45(4):400-8.
38) Friedman EA. Willem Johan “Pim” Kolff: bionics for humans in any season. Dial Transplant. 2009;38(5):180-2.
39) Cameron JS. Nephrologist extraordinary--Michael Darmady (1906-1989). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(3):715-21. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfl778.
40) Darmady EM. Dialysis of blood for the treatment of uraemia. Proc R Soc Med. 1948;41(7):418-9.
41) Bywaters EG, Joekes AM. The artificial kidney; its clinical application in the treatment of traumatic anuria. Proc R Soc Med. 1948;41(7):420-6.
42) Parsons FM. Origins of haemodialysis in the United Kingdom. BMJ. 1989;299(6715):1557-60. doi: 10.1136/bmj.299.6715.1557.
43) Derot M, Legrain M. Pronostic et traitement des nephropathies tubulaires anuriques, a propos de 226 cas. Bull Acad Natl Med. 1954;138(1-2):37-40.
44) Rotellar E. El riñón artificial de Kolff; modificaciones al mismo. Bol Cult Inf Cons Gen Col Med Esp. 1958;21(120):23-31.
45) Romao JE Jr. Tito Ribeiro de Almeida (1913-1998). J Bras Nefrol. 1998; 20(2):131-2.
46) Arrizurrieta E. Homenaje al Dr. Ruiz Guiñazú. Rev Nefrol Dial Traspl. 1992;32:1-2.
47) Whittembury G, Ramírez M, Fernández J, Monge C. On the artificial kidney. I. Testing of the disposable Kolff coil kidney. Acta Physiol Lat Am. 1958;8(1):1-10.
48) Teschan PE. Acute renal failure during the Korean War. Ren Fail. 1992;14(3):237-9. doi: 10.3109/08860229209106623.
49) Bonventre JV. Kidney organoids: a new tool for kidney therapeutic development. Kidney Int. 2018;94(6):1040-2. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.07.029.
50) Little MH, Combes AN. Kidney organoids: accurate models or fortunate accidents. Genes Dev. 2019;33(19-20):1319-45. doi: 10.1101/gad.329573.119.
Published
2020-09-14
How to Cite
1.
Cusumano AM, Rosa Diez G. Notes for the history of dialysis in the world and in Argentina. Part one: the beginnings of Hemodialysis in the world. Rev Nefrol Dial Traspl. [Internet]. 2020Sep.14 [cited 2024Jul.27];40(2):150-6. Available from: http://revistarenal.org.ar/index.php/rndt/article/view/525
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