Evaluation of Smoking as an additional risk factor for cardiovascular diseases among hemodialysis patients by increased levels of Il-6, TNF-Alpha, hs-CRP and Endothelin-1
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most common causes of mortality in chronic kidney disease. Smoking is a well defined risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) have found elevated in chronic inflammatory process. We aimed to evaluate if IL-6, TNF-alpha, hsCRP and ET-1 are increased in smoker hemodialysis (HD) patient compared to non-smoker HD individuals to potentially refer us cardiovascular diseases noninvasively. Material and methods: 80 smoker and 50 non-smoker maintenance hemodialysis male patients with similar demographic characters, dialysis and support treatment and metabolic profile. In addition to routine tests, we took samples for evaluating IL-6, TNF-alpha, hsCRP and endothelin-1. P values were measured. Results: In smoker HD patients, IL-6, TNF-alpha, hsCRP and endothelin-1 levels were found increased level statistically significant compared to non-smoker indiviuals. Conclusion: This study may refer us that smoking is an additional risk factor among HD individuals by increased levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, hsCRP and ET-1.
How to cite this article:
Hulya Ç, Şule C, Bahar E, Saliha A, Sibel E, Papatya D. Evaluation of Smoking as an additional risk factor for cardiovascular diseases among hemodialysis patients by increased levels of Il-6, TNF-Alpha, hs-CRP and Endothelin-1. Rev Nefrol Dial Traspl. 2018; 38(2):103-10.
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